WillKen's Blog.

3D游戏编程与设计-游戏对象与图形基础

Unity C#
Word count: 2.3kReading time: 13 min
2019/10/07 Share

游戏对象与图形基础

基本操作演练

  • 下载 Fantasy Skybox FREE， 构建自己的游戏场景

    （因为Fantasy Skybox FREE 与本地Unity5.0.0版本不兼容，所以下载了Skybox Series Free）

  • 写一个简单的总结，总结游戏对象的使用

在Asset store中下载相应的天空盒。下载结束后，将其import进我们的项目。

接着可以创建matrial,自己贴上六面的天空盒，当然也可以使用预置的scene直接观察效果。

编程实践

  • 牧师与魔鬼 动作分离版
    • 【2019新要求】：设计一个裁判类，当游戏达到结束条件时，通知场景控制器游戏结束

  由于第一版本中，控制器会负责几乎所有的工作，是我们的项目结构显得非常臃肿没有将不同动作的逻辑区分开。在第二版本，实现了动作分离。项目地址

  • 首先还是通过FirstController进行一些初始化工作
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using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using Mydirector;
using Mycontroller;

public class FirstController : MonoBehaviour, SceneController, UserAction{

	private Vector3 river = new Vector3(6,-0.5F,0);
	UserInterface userGUI;
	public CoastController fromCoast;
	public CoastController toCoast;
	public BoatController boat;
	private Mycontroller.CharacterController[] characters;
	public Move actionManager;
	Judge judge;
	void Awake() {
		Director director = Director.getInstace ();
		director.current = this;
		userGUI = gameObject.AddComponent <UserInterface>() as UserInterface;
		characters = new Mycontroller.CharacterController[6];
		loadResources ();
		actionManager = gameObject.AddComponent<Move> ()as Move;
	}

	public void loadResources() {
		GameObject Water = Instantiate (Resources.Load ("Prefab/water", typeof(GameObject)),river,Quaternion.identity,null) as GameObject;

		Water.name = "Water";
		fromCoast = new CoastController ("from");
		toCoast = new CoastController ("to");
		boat = new BoatController ();
		judge = new Judge (fromCoast, toCoast, boat);
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			Mycontroller.CharacterController cha = new Mycontroller.CharacterController ("priest");
			cha.setName("priest" + i);
			cha.setPos (fromCoast.getEmptyPos ());
			cha.getOnCoast (fromCoast);
			fromCoast.getOnCoast (cha);
			characters [i] = cha;
		}

		for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			Mycontroller.CharacterController cha = new Mycontroller.CharacterController ("devil");
			cha.setName("devil" + i);
			cha.setPos (fromCoast.getEmptyPos());
			cha.getOnCoast (fromCoast);
			fromCoast.getOnCoast (cha);
			characters [i+3] = cha;
		}
	}

	public void moveBoat() {
		if (boat.is_empty ())
			return;
		actionManager.moveBoat (boat.getGameobj (), boat.Move_to (), boat.speed);
	}

	public void moveCharacter(Mycontroller.CharacterController characterCtrl) {
		if (characterCtrl.Is_On_Boat ()) {
			CoastController whichCoast;
			if (boat.get_is_from () == -1) {
				whichCoast = toCoast;
			} else {
				whichCoast = fromCoast;
			}

			boat.GetOffBoat (characterCtrl.getName());

			Vector3 end_pos = whichCoast.getEmptyPos();
			Vector3 mid_pos = new Vector3 (characterCtrl.getGameobj ().transform.position.x,end_pos.y, end_pos.z);
			actionManager.moveCharacter(characterCtrl.getGameobj(),mid_pos,end_pos,characterCtrl.move_speed);
			characterCtrl.getOnCoast (whichCoast);
			whichCoast.getOnCoast (characterCtrl);

		} else {								
			CoastController whichCoast = characterCtrl.getCoastController ();

			if (boat.getEmptyIndex () == -1) {		
				return;
			}

			if (whichCoast.get_is_from () != boat.get_is_from ())	
				return;

			whichCoast.getOffCoast(characterCtrl.getName());

			Vector3 end_pos = boat.getEmptyPosition();
			Vector3 mid_pos = new Vector3 (end_pos.x,characterCtrl.getGameobj().transform.position.y,end_pos.z);
			actionManager.moveCharacter(characterCtrl.getGameobj(),mid_pos,end_pos,characterCtrl.move_speed);

			characterCtrl.getOnBoat (boat);
			boat.GetOnBoat (characterCtrl);
		}
	}
	public void restart() {
		boat.reset ();
		fromCoast.reset ();
		toCoast.reset ();
		for (int i = 0; i < characters.Length; i++) {
			characters [i].reset ();
		}
	}
	void Update () {
		userGUI.status = judge.check ();
	}
}
  • ActionBase中实现了动作分离的相关定义
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using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

namespace Myaction{
	public class CCMoveToAction : SSAction {
		public Vector3 target;
		public float speed;

		public static CCMoveToAction GetSSAction(Vector3 target, float speed) {
			CCMoveToAction action = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<CCMoveToAction>();
			action.target = target;
			action.speed = speed;
			return action;
		}

		public override void Update () {
			this.transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(this.transform.position,target,speed);
			if(this.transform.position == target) {
				this.destroy = true;
				this.callback.SSActionEvent(this);
			}
		}

		public override void Start() {}
	}

	public class CCSequenceAction : SSAction, ISSActionCallback {
		public List<SSAction> sequence;
		public int repeat = -1;
		public int start = 0;

		public static CCSequenceAction GetSSAction(int repeat, int start, List<SSAction> sequence) {
			CCSequenceAction action = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<CCSequenceAction>();
			action.repeat = repeat;
			action.sequence = sequence;
			action.start = start;
			return action;
		}
			
		public override void Update() {
			if (sequence.Count == 0) return;
			if (start < sequence.Count)
				sequence[start].Update();
		}

		public void SSActionEvent(SSAction source, SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Completed,
			int intParam = 0, string strParam = null, Object objectParam = null) {
			source.destroy = false;
			this.start++;
			if (this.start >= sequence.Count) {
				this.start = 0;
				if (repeat > 0) repeat--;
				if (repeat == 0) {
					this.destroy = true;
					this.callback.SSActionEvent(this);
				}
				else {
					sequence[start].Start();
				}
			}
		}
			
		public override void Start() {
			foreach (SSAction action in sequence) {
				action.gameobject = this.gameobject;
				action.transform = this.transform;
				action.callback = this;
				action.Start();
			}
		}

		private void OnDestroy() {
			
		}
	}



	public class SSAction : ScriptableObject            
	{
		public bool enable = true;                    
		public bool destroy = false;                  
		public GameObject gameobject;                
		public Transform transform;                 
		public ISSActionCallback callback;            

		protected SSAction() { }                        

		public virtual void Start()                  
		{
			throw new System.NotImplementedException();
		}

		public virtual void Update()
		{
			throw new System.NotImplementedException();
		}
	}



	public enum SSActionEventType : int { Started, Completed }

	public interface ISSActionCallback
	{
		void SSActionEvent(SSAction source, SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Completed,
			int intParam = 0, string strParam = null, Object objectParam = null);
	}



	public class SSActionManager : MonoBehaviour ,ISSActionCallback{

		private Dictionary <int, SSAction> actions = new Dictionary <int, SSAction> (); 
		private List <SSAction> waitingAdd = new List <SSAction> ();
		private List <int> waitingDelete = new List <int> ();

		protected void Update () {
			foreach (SSAction ac in waitingAdd)
				actions [ac.GetInstanceID ()] = ac;
			waitingAdd.Clear ();

			foreach (KeyValuePair <int,SSAction> kv in actions) {
				SSAction ac = kv.Value;
				if (ac.destroy) {
					waitingDelete.Add (ac.GetInstanceID ()); 
				} else if (ac.enable) {
					ac.Update (); 
				}
			}

			foreach (int key in waitingDelete) {
				SSAction ac = actions [key];
				actions.Remove (key);
				DestroyObject (ac);
			}
			waitingDelete.Clear ();
		}

		public void RunAction (GameObject gameObject, SSAction action, ISSActionCallback manager) {
			action.gameobject = gameObject;
			action.transform = gameObject.transform;
			action.callback = manager;
			waitingAdd.Add (action);
			action.Start ();
		}

		protected void Start () {
		}

		public void SSActionEvent(SSAction source, SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Completed,
			int intParam = 0, string strParam = null, Object objectParam = null)
		{
		}
	}

}
  • ControllerBase中包含不同对象的控制器
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using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using Mydirector;

namespace Mycontroller{

	//Boat
	public class BoatController {
		private GameObject boat;
		private Vector3 From = new Vector3 (4,0,0);
		private Vector3 To = new Vector3 (8, 0, 0);
		private Vector3[] from_positions;
		private Vector3[] to_positions;
		int is_from;
		CharacterController[] characters = new CharacterController[2];
		private Move move;
		public float speed = 30;

		public BoatController() {
			is_from = 1;

			from_positions = new Vector3[] { new Vector3 (4.5F,0.5F,0), new Vector3 (3.5F,0.5F,0) };
			to_positions = new Vector3[] { new Vector3 (8.5F, 0.5F, 0), new Vector3 (7.5F, 0.5F, 0) };

			boat = Object.Instantiate (Resources.Load ("Prefab/boat", typeof(GameObject)), From, Quaternion.identity, null) as GameObject;
			boat.name = "boat";

			move = boat.AddComponent (typeof(Move)) as Move;
			boat.AddComponent (typeof(UserClick));
		}
		public bool is_empty(){
			for (int i = 0; i < characters.Length; i++) {
				if (characters [i] != null) {
					return false;
				}
			}
			return true;
		}

		public Vector3 Move_to() {
			if (is_from == -1) {
				is_from = 1;
				return From;
			} else {
				is_from = -1;
				return To;
			}
		}

		public int getEmptyIndex() {
			for (int i = 0; i < characters.Length; i++) {
				if (characters [i] == null) {
					return i;
				}
			}
			return -1;
		}

		public Vector3 getEmptyPosition() {
			Vector3 pos;
			int emptyIndex = -1;
			for (int i = 0; i < characters.Length; i++) {
				if (characters [i] == null) {
					emptyIndex = i;
				}
			}
			if (is_from == -1) {
				pos = to_positions[emptyIndex];
			} else {
				pos = from_positions[emptyIndex];
			}
			return pos;
		}

		public void GetOnBoat(CharacterController characterCtrl) {
			int index = -1;
			for (int i = 0; i < characters.Length; i++) {
				if (characters [i] == null) {
					index = i;

				}
			}
			characters [index] = characterCtrl;
		}

		public CharacterController GetOffBoat(string characters_name) {
			for (int i = 0; i < characters.Length; i++) {
				if (characters [i] != null && characters [i].getName () == characters_name) {
					CharacterController cc = characters [i];
					characters [i] = null;
					return cc;
				}
			}
			return null;
		}

		public GameObject getGameobj() {
			return boat;
		}

		public int get_is_from() { 
			return is_from;
		}

		public int[] getCharacterNum() {
			int[] count = {0, 0};
			for (int i = 0; i < characters.Length; i++) {
				if (characters [i] == null)
					continue;
				if (!characters [i].Is_Devil ()) {
					count[0]++;
				} else {
					count[1]++;
				}
			}
			return count;
		}

		public void reset() {
			if (is_from == -1) {
				Move_to ();
			}
			boat.transform.position = From;
			characters = new CharacterController[2];
		}
	}



	//coat
	public class CoastController{
		private GameObject coast;
		private Vector3 From = new Vector3 (0, 0, 0);
		private Vector3 To = new Vector3(12,0,0);
		private Vector3[] positions;
		private int is_from;
		private CharacterController[] characters;
		public CoastController(string Where){
			positions = new Vector3[] {new Vector3 (2.5F,1.25F,0),new Vector3 (1.5F,1.25F,0), new Vector3 (0.5F,1.25F,0),new Vector3 (-0.5F,1.25F,0),new Vector3 (-1.5F,1.25F,0),new Vector3 (-2.5F,1.25F,0)
			};
			characters = new CharacterController[6];
			if (Where == "from") {
				coast = Object.Instantiate (Resources.Load ("Prefab/stone", typeof(GameObject)), From, Quaternion.identity, null) as GameObject;
				coast.name = "from";
				is_from = 1;
			} else if(Where == "to"){
				coast = Object.Instantiate (Resources.Load ("Prefab/stone", typeof(GameObject)), To, Quaternion.identity, null) as GameObject;
				coast.name = "to";
				is_from = -1;
			}
		}
		public Vector3 getEmptyPos(){
			int index = -1;
			for (int i = 0; i < characters.Length; i++) {
				if (characters [i] == null) {
					index = i;
					break;
				}
			}
			Vector3 pos = positions [index];

			if(is_from==-1)
				pos.x +=12;

			return pos;
		}
		public void getOnCoast(CharacterController character_ctrl){
			int index = -1;
			for (int i = 0; i < characters.Length; i++) {
				if (characters [i] == null) {
					index = i;
					break;
				}
			}
			characters [index] = character_ctrl;
		}

		public CharacterController getOffCoast(string character_name){
			for (int i = 0; i < characters.Length; i++) {
				if (characters [i] != null && characters [i].getName () == character_name) {
					CharacterController cc = characters [i];
					characters [i] = null;
					return cc;
				}
			}
			return null;
		}
		public int get_is_from(){
			return is_from;
		}
		public int[] get_character_num(){
			int[] num = { 0, 0 };
			for (int i = 0; i < characters.Length; i++) {
				if (characters [i] == null)
					continue;
				if (!characters[i].Is_Devil ()) {
					num [0]++;
				} else {
					num [1]++;
				}
			}
			return num;
		}
		public void reset(){
			characters = new CharacterController[6];
		}
	}


	//character
	public class CharacterController{
		private GameObject character;
		private Move move;
		private UserClick click;
		private bool is_devil;
		private bool is_on_boat = false;
		private CoastController coast;
		public float move_speed = 30;
		// Use this for initialization
		public CharacterController(string name){
			if(name == "priest"){
				character = Object.Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefab/priest",typeof(GameObject)),Vector3.zero,Quaternion.identity,null) as GameObject;
				is_devil = false;
			}else if(name == "devil"){
				character = Object.Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefab/devil",typeof(GameObject)),Vector3.zero,Quaternion.identity,null) as GameObject;
				is_devil = true;
			}
			move = character.AddComponent(typeof(Move))as Move;
			click = character.AddComponent(typeof(UserClick))as UserClick;
			click.setController(this);
		}
		public void setName(string _name){
			character.name = _name;
		}
		public string getName(){
			return character.name;
		}
		public bool Is_Devil(){
			return is_devil;
		}
		public bool Is_On_Boat(){
			return is_on_boat;
		}
		public void setPos(Vector3 pos){
			character.transform.position = pos;
		}
		public Vector3 getPos(){
			return character.transform.position;
		}

		public GameObject getGameobj(){
			return character;
		}


		public CoastController getCoastController() {
			return coast;
		}
		public void getOnBoat(BoatController boatCtrl) {
			coast = null;
			character.transform.parent = boatCtrl.getGameobj().transform;
			is_on_boat = true;
		}

		public void getOnCoast(CoastController coastCtrl) {
			coast = coastCtrl;
			character.transform.parent = null;
			is_on_boat = false;
		}
		public void reset() {
			coast = (Director.getInstace ().current as FirstController).fromCoast;
			getOnCoast (coast);
			setPos (coast.getEmptyPos());
			coast.getOnCoast (this);
		}

	}
}
  • Judge中是游戏结束的判断。FirstController中Update一直对其调用，以实现“当游戏达到结束条件时，通知场景控制器游戏结束”
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using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using Mycontroller;

public class Judge : MonoBehaviour {
	private CoastController From;
	private CoastController To;
	private BoatController Boat;
	public Judge(CoastController from_coast,CoastController to_coast,BoatController boat)
	{
		this.From = from_coast;
		this.Boat = boat;
		this.To = to_coast;
	}
	public int check()
	{
		int from_priest = 0;
		int from_devil = 0;
		int to_priest = 0;
		int to_devil = 0;

		int[] fromCount = From.get_character_num ();
		from_priest += fromCount[0];
		from_devil += fromCount[1];

		int[] toCount = To.get_character_num ();
		to_priest += toCount[0];
		to_devil += toCount[1];

		if (to_priest + to_devil == 6)		
			return 2;

		int[] boatCount = Boat.getCharacterNum ();
		if (Boat.get_is_from () == -1) {	
			to_priest += boatCount[0];
			to_devil += boatCount[1];
		} else {	
			from_priest += boatCount[0];
			from_devil += boatCount[1];
		}
		if (from_priest < from_devil && from_priest > 0) {	
			return 1;
		}
		if (to_priest < to_devil && to_priest > 0) {
			return 1;
		}
		return 0;	
	}
}

材料与渲染联系

  • 从 Unity 5 开始，使用新的 Standard Shader 作为自然场景的渲染。

    以Transparency为例

    首先，展示正常的模型

    在Inspector中选择static； Rendering Model 选择Transparent

    在Albedo中调整A通道的值实现透明效果

Author：WillKen Zhang

原文链接：http://WillKen.github.io/2019/10/07/3d-gameobject-and-graphics/

发表日期：October 7th 2019, 1:00:59 pm

更新日期：December 9th 2021, 4:40:28 pm

版权声明：本文采用知识共享署名-非商业性使用 4.0 国际许可协议进行许可

CATALOG
  1. 1. 游戏对象与图形基础
    1. 1.1. 基本操作演练
    2. 1.2. 编程实践
    3. 1.3. 材料与渲染联系
Total : 26
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